Observe abnormal system behavior, such as slowdown, unusual network traffic, pop-up ads, crashes, or file modifications. Compare current system behavior with normal operations to identify potential malware or other issues. 

To protect against malware, use antivirus software like Windows Defender, McAfee, or Malwarebytes. Run a scan using signature-based detection and heuristic analysis. Ensure the software has the latest malware signatures and updates. Perform a thorough scan of the system, including file system, memory, and processes. 

To detect suspicious files, scan for hidden, modified, or unusually named files. Check file integrity by comparing hashes to known good versions. Use File System Tools like Windows Defender or Avast for thorough file analysis to detect hidden or malicious files. 

Keep Software Updated

To prevent malware attacks, ensure that operating system updates are applied regularly, including the latest patches. Ensure all software, including browsers, productivity tools, and third-party applications, are updated, and use automatic updates when possible. Additionally, update hardware firmware, like BIOS/UEFI, to prevent vulnerabilities. 

Implement Robust Endpoint Security

To ensure robust endpoint security, install reputable antivirus software with real-time protection and updated malware definitions. Enable firewalls on individual devices and network firewalls to prevent unauthorized access and block malicious traffic. Set antivirus software to run scheduled full scans automatically. 

Regular Backups and Disaster Recovery 

Regular backups are crucial for data security, ensuring they are not directly accessible from the network. Regular testing ensures the backup system is functional and can be restored in case of an incident. Additionally, keeping multiple versions of backups allows for restoration to a time before a malware infection. 

Educate and Train Users

Regular cybersecurity awareness training is essential for employees and users to understand the dangers of malware and how to avoid common attack vectors like phishing and malicious downloads. Simulated exercises evaluate users' ability to detect and respond to threats, while teaching safe browsing practices. 

Isolate the Infected System

To isolate a malware-infected system, disconnect it from the internet and local networks to prevent spreading or communication with external servers. If possible, boot into Safe Mode (Windows) or Recovery Mode (macOS) to limit the malware's ability to run, loading only essential services and reducing the chance of malware execution during cleanup.

Perform a Backup of Important Data (Optional)

To protect against malware, backup important data to external storage devices or cloud storage, but avoid backing executable or system files. Use a clean, isolated device for the backup to prevent malware infection and ensure the data is not infected.